Yemeni coffee (Coffea arabica L.) represents an important genetic resource associated with the domestication and diversification of Arabica coffee, yet the relationships among its morphological diversity, stress physiology, genetic differentiation, and long-term productivity remain incompletely resolved. This manuscript presents an integrated research framework to characterize Yemeni coffee landraces and identify candidate accessions with drought tolerance, heat resilience, productive potential, and stable multi-season performance. The study will initially characterize 100 mature mother trees across seven coffee-growing governorates (Sana’a, Al Mahwit, Hajjah, Raymah, Ibb, Taiz, and Dhamar), documenting environmental metadata, tree architecture, leaf traits, reproductive characteristics, physiological attributes, and preliminary productivity. Twenty contrasting accessions will then be evaluated under three soil-water regimes in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Twelve accessions representing contrasting drought responses will subsequently be evaluated under three temperature regimes, and eight accessions will undergo a factorial combined heat–drought experiment. Multi-season productivity will be monitored in 50 field trees for at least three production seasons, while 40–60 selected accessions will undergo molecular characterization using SSR markers or SNP/GBS approaches, depending on available resources. Primary analyses will include mixed-effects models, genotype × treatment and genotype × season interactions, multivariate analyses, molecular clustering, and pre-specified multi-trait indices. The analytical framework will distinguish phenotypic divergence from genetically supported differentiation and will treat climate resilience as a multidimensional phenotype rather than a single trait. The study is designed to provide a transparent basis for identifying and subsequently validating Yemeni coffee genetic resources relevant to conservation, breeding, climate adaptation, and sustainable production. Keywords: Coffea arabica; landraces; genetic diversity; drought tolerance; heat stress; yield stability.